The thermal expansion (dilatation) of solid state objects

The thermal motion is the cause of thermal expansion.

plot: length change (%) vs. temperature (K) ΔL: 0.00%

Temperature: 0 K

Length (number of atoms): 21

length L₀: 0 d₀

length L(T): 0 d₀

Note: The rod is fixed on leftside, the thermal expansion proppagates toward right.

unit (d₀): The length is expressed in atoms interval at T=0K. The rod has the length of N-1 such units, hence the length at T=0K is (N-1)d₀.